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Across the breeding range this warbler generally prefers mature, swampy forests (Kricher 1995). Black-and-white Warbler breeds from near sea level to 600 m (2000 ft) in mixed forests of pine, oak, sweetgum and American beech in east Texas and in canyons overgrown with cedar, oak and shrubs on the edges of the Edwards Plateau (Oberholser 1974). In winter this warbler is rare to uncommon in south Texas (Oberholser 1974, Lockwood and Freeman 2004).īREEDING HABITAT. Most southbound migrants are present from late July to early November. Breeding occurs from early April to early July,based on egg dates from April 11 to May 25. Northbound Black-and-white Warblers arrive in Texas from early or mid-March to mid-May as uncommon to common migrants. This warbler winters in south Texas, along the south Atlantic coast, and in Florida, the West Indies, Middle America and northwest South America (Howell and Webb 1995, Kricher 1995, Lockwood and Freeman 2004, Revels 2004, Sauer et al. In Oklahoma breeding is mostly concentrated to the eastern third of the state. The other swath extends from New England south and west through the Appalachian Mountains, then west to the Ozarks. One across Canada and the Great Lakes states from the Northwest Territories to New England, the maritime provinces and Newfoundland. In other parts of North America Black-and-white Warblers breed primarily in two swathes. In all observers found about 23 confirmed, 150 probable and 62 possible breeding records. No records were found below the 29th parallel. During the 1987-1992 field work seasons of the TBBA project, observers found breeding evidence for Black- and-white Warbler most concentrated in the Pineywoods, more scattered in the Post Oak Savannah and Blackland Prairies with a few records from the Rolling Plains, a small concentration in the southern Edwards Plateau and one confirmed record west of the Davis Mountains in the Trans-Pecos (see the region map in Lockwood and Freeman ). pygmaea) nuthatches (Kricher 1995).ĭISTRIBUTION. The foliage gleaning strategy used by other wood-warblers is comparable to strategies used by Brown-headed (S. Rather than gathering insects and spiders or their larvae from the foliage, twigs or small branches of trees or shrubs, Black-and-white Warblers mostly forage for their arthropod prey on the bark of major branches (preferably dead) and trunks of trees.This strategy is much like that of White- (Sitta carolinensis) or Red-breasted (S. The foraging habits of Black-and-white Warblers are unique among North American wood-warblers.